Selling Strategies - Setting a Stop Loss

Sometimes the best way of lowering exposure toper share or $500. This represents the most you are
risk is not to invest at all! However, when we makewilling to lose, regardless of which way the
the decision to jump into the muddy waters of theinvestment goes.
stock market, its always a good idea to have a lifeIf the share price moves to $7.00, instead of setting
jacket ready, just in case.your stop loss at $6.30, (thus risking $0.70 or $700 of
We all have stories of that "must have" "can't lose"your money), you would set your stop loss at $6.50,
stock that looking back, we didn't really need to buy,which risks the same $500 you were initially willing to
and it definitely lost. So, how to best protectlose when you first started.
yourself when the markets disagree with your dueThis little twist helps you keep more of your
diligence? Trailing stop loss.profitable investments. Why put more profits at risk?
It's important to understand the psychology ofThe second stop loss strategy is, although a little
investing. When we make money, there is instantmore complicated, will protect more of your money.
euphoria. When we start to lose money, there is aWhile we would love to take credit for this strategy,
sudden "deer caught in the headlights" type ofwe found it when reading Chart Trading by Darryl
emotion, which makes us unable to do the right thing.Guppy. This strategy starts by looking at your overall
We fear that the moment we sell, will be thecapital, not the amount of the specific investment.
moment that it starts to rebound. Not only do weFor example, if you had $20 000 in your investment
fear that we will be that guy who sold at the low ofaccount, you could trade 51 times if each time you
the day, but that we will miss out on untold fortunesinvested you put 2% of your total capital at risk.
because we got out too early.While 2% doesn't sound like a lot, lets have a look at
While this happens, more often than not, a small lossan example. Given your investment account has $20
turns into a much bigger loss. Remember, a 40% loss000 in it and you only want to put 2% of it at risk,
started off as a 5% loss.you would be willing to risk $400 per trade. This
So what is the best stop loss strategy? Well, weensures that you will have 51 chances to get it right
happen to have 2. One simple, one a little morebefore you run out of money.
complicated, but possibly more effective and capitalWhere you set your stop loss is basically the point
saving.where you are risking $400. Given our initial example,
The first strategy is called a "trailing stop loss". Itsyour stop loss would be at $4.60. If the price moves
simple and effective. We're going to add a small twistfrom $5 to below $4.60, you have lost $400. What if
to it. A traditional trailing stop loss simply means thatyou purchased 2000 shares at the same $5? Your
you set a percentage that you are willing to lose. Forstop loss would be then set to $4.80. Anything below
example, if you purchase 1000 shares of ABC at $5that, and you have risked more than $400. If you
share, you could set a stop loss at 10%. This meansthink that you want a deeper stop loss, then you
that if the stock dips below 10% of your purchasewould purchase fewer shares. The idea is simple: you
price ($5 - 10% = $4.50), you're out of the marketnever risk more than the same amount per trade.
and no longer risking capital. If the share price movesAs the price increases, you then change the amount
higher, you would set your stop loss at 10% belowof your stop loss accordingly. If the stock hits $7,
the closing price. If ABC moves to $5.50, you wouldyou would set your stop loss at $6.60.
set your stop loss at $4.95. If the stock drops belowGiven our initial stop loss strategy, assuming you lost
that price, you're out.$500 each trade, you could lose approximately 40
By setting your stop loss at the time of yourtimes before you ran out of money. However, what
purchase, you are taking the emotion out ofif you purchased 2000 shares at $5 each? Your 10%
investing. Specifically, you are taking out the "deerstop loss would put $1000 at risk. This will lower the
caught in the headlights" emotion. This will save younumber of chances you have at getting it right.
grief and will save you money. If your stock movesIts up to you how much money you are preparing to
like you think it will, you can lock in your gainsrisk. Many investors think of the ways they are going
automatically.to spend their profits before they are made. Its
Our twist to this strategy though, is to first establishmuch better to think about the amount you are
the dollar amount that initial stop loss is worth, andprepared to lose. This way, when your hard work
let that dictate what your stop loss will be.pays off, you'll appreciate it more. On the other hand,
Given the same example as above, your initial stopif the market disagrees with you, you can still keep
loss would be $4.50. You would only be risking $0.50the majority of your money!